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Solar Wind
Speed of charged particles streaming from the Sun. Higher speeds (500+ km/s) compress Earth's magnetosphere and boost aurora activity.
Bz Factor
The north-south component of the interplanetary magnetic field. Negative Bz (southward) is key — it reconnects with Earth's field and lets auroras happen.
Density
Number of protons per cubic centimetre in the solar wind. Higher density means more particles hitting the magnetosphere, enhancing aurora brightness.
Bt Total Field
Total strength of the interplanetary magnetic field in nanotesla. Higher Bt amplifies the effect of a southward Bz — stronger field, stronger potential aurora.
total field strength
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Source: NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center · Updated every 5 min

48-Hour KP History
3-hourly readings · GFZ Potsdam
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Reference

Understanding the KP Scale

KP Activity Index (0–9)Current:
0No Activity
1Quiet
2Low
3Moderate
4Good
5Very Good
6Strong
7Extreme
8Exceptional
9Rare